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Marilyn Monroe, an American model turned actress, was famous for her seductive blonde persona on and off camera from the late 1940s to the early 1960s. Monroe appeared in a number of popular movies, but is best remembered as an international sex symbol who died unexpectedly and mysteriously at age 36.

Dates: June 1, 1926 – August 5, 1962

Also Known As: Norma Jeane Mortenson, Norma Jeane Baker

Growing Up as Norma Jeane

Marilyn Monroe was born as Norma Jeane Mortenson (later baptized as Norma Jeane Baker) in Los Angeles, California, to Gladys Baker Mortenson (neé Monroe). Although no one knows for sure the true identity of Monroe’s biological father, some biographers have speculated that it might have been Gladys’ second husband, Martin Mortenson; however, the two were separated before Monroe’s birth. Others have suggested Monroe’s father was a co-worker of Gladys’ at RKO Pictures, named Charles Stanley Gifford. In any case, Monroe was considered at the time to be an illegitimate child and grew up not knowing her father.

As a single parent, Gladys worked during the day and left young Monroe with neighbors. Unfortunately for Monroe, Gladys was not well; she was in and out of mental hospitals until she was ultimately institutionalized at the Norwalk State Hospital for Mental Diseases in 1935. Nine-year-old Monroe was taken in by Gladys’ friend, Grace McKee. However, within the year, McKee was no longer able to care for Monroe and so took her to the Los Angeles Orphanage. Devastated, Monroe spent two years at the orphanage and in and out of a succession of foster homes. It is believed that during this time, Monroe was molested.

In 1937, 11-year-old Monroe found a home with “Aunt” Ana Lower, a relative of McKee’s. Here, Monroe had a stable home life until Lower developed health problems. Subsequently, McKee arranged a marriage between 16-year-old Monroe and Jim Dougherty, a 21-year-old neighbor. Monroe and Dougherty were married on June 19, 1942.

Marilyn Monroe Becomes a Model

With World War II underway, Dougherty joined the Merchant Marine in 1943 and shipped out to Shanghai a year later. With her husband overseas, Monroe found a job at the Radio Plane Munitions Factory. Monroe was working at this factory when she was “discovered” by photographer David Conover, who was photographing females working for the war effort. Conover’s pictures of Monroe appeared in Yank magazine in 1945.

Impressed by what he saw, Conover showed Monroe’s photos to Potter Hueth, a commercial photographer. Hueth and Monroe soon struck a deal: Hueth would take pictures of Monroe but she would only be paid if magazines bought her photos. This deal allowed Monroe to keep her day job at Radio Plane and model at night.

Some of Hueth’s photos of Monroe caught the attention of Miss Emmeline Snively, who ran the Blue Book Model Agency, the largest model agency in Los Angeles. Snively offered Monroe a chance at full-time modeling, as long as Monroe went to Snively's three-month-long modeling school. Monroe agreed and was soon working diligently to perfect her new craft. It was while working with Snively that Monroe changed her hair color from light brown to blonde.

Dougherty, still overseas, was not happy about his wife modeling.

Marilyn Monroe Signs With a Movie Studio

By this time, several different photographers were taking pictures of Monroe for pinup magazines, often showing off Monroe’s hourglass figure in two-piece bathing suits. Monroe was such a popular pinup girl that her picture could be found on several covers of pinup magazines in the same month. In July 1946, these pinup pictures brought Monroe to the attention of casting director Ben Lyon of 20th Century Fox, who called Monroe for a screen test.

Monroe’s screen test was a success and in August 1946, 20th Century Fox offered Monroe a six-month contract with the studio having the option of renewing it every six months.

When Dougherty returned, he was even less happy about his wife becoming a starlet. The couple divorced in 1946.

Transforming From Norma Jeane to Marilyn Monroe

Up until this time, Monroe had still been using her married name, Norma Jeane Dougherty. Lyon from 20th Century Fox helped her create a screen name. He suggested the first name of Marilyn, after Marilyn Miller, a popular 1920s stage performer, while Monroe chose her mother’s maiden name for her last name. Now all Marilyn Monroe had to do was learn how to act.

Marilyn Monroe’s First Film Debut

Earning $75 per week, 20-year-old Monroe attended free acting, dancing, and singing classes at the 20th Century Fox studio. She appeared as an extra in a few movies and had a single line in Scudda Hoo! Scudda Hay! (1948); however, her contract at 20th Century Fox was not renewed.

For the next six months, Monroe received unemployment insurance benefits while continuing acting classes. Six months later, Columbia Pictures hired her at $125 per week. While at Columbia, Monroe was given second billing in Ladies of the Chorus (1948), a film that featured Monroe singing a musical number. However, despite receiving positive reviews for her role, her contract at Columbia was not renewed.

Marilyn Monroe Poses Nude

Tom Kelley, a photographer whom Monroe had modeled for before, had been after Monroe to pose nude for a calendar and offered to pay her $50. In 1949, Monroe was broke and agreed to his offer. Kelley eventually sold the nude photos to Western Lithograph Company for $900 and the calendar, Golden Dreams, made millions. (Later on, Hugh Hefner would buy one of the photos in 1953 for $500 for his first issue of Playboy magazine.)